If you are a web developer or software developer in general, you must be familiar with git as a tool for version control and github as place where you push your codes. Learning git is a must for every software developer, even if you are working alone and not on a team.
There are graphical interface application for git, but most of the time you are going to use the git command line, in fact there are some task that just easier if you use git command line, so learning git command line is a must have skill for every software developer.
But you don't need to learn all git commands in order to start working with it, in my opinion there are at least 15 git commands that every body should know. With these 15 git commands should be able to get you going with git and github.
So ladies and gentleman, these are 15 most important git commands:
So ladies and gentleman, these are 15 most important git commands:
1. git status
The git status will gives you information about the current branch you are on and if there are any changes to the files that you made and if there are any file that needs to be commit.
git status
2. git init
If you have existing files inside a folder that you want to put on a repo, you need to run git init, this will initialize git on that folder.
git init
3. git clone
The git clone command is where you want to copy existing repository on github in your local computer. This command takes one parameter which is the url of the repository on github.
git clone [repository-url]
Example:
git clone https://github.com/laravel/laravel.git
4. git remote
Git remote is the command that responsible for managing remote repository, you can show list of remote repo, add remote repo and delete remote repo. Basically you can have more than one remote repository on your local repo.Add remote repo
git remote add [remote-name] [remote-url]
Example:
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git
git remote add repo1 https://github.com/user/something.git
git remote add repo2 https://github.com/user/what-ever-repo.git
Show list remote repo
git remote -v
Delete remote repo
git remote rm [remote-name]
Example:
git remote rm origin
git remote rm repo1
git remote rm repo2
5. git diff
Git diff is handy command that will display your changes that is not yet in staging, simply type in git diff and scroll down with arrow up and down on your keyboard to view the changes.
git diff
6 git add
Git add is where you put the changes that you made into staging, this is a step before you do git commit.
git add [filename]
Example:
git add config.php
git add app.js
git add style.css
You can do this to add all files:
git add .
7. git commit
After you do git add, the next step if you really want to make the changes permanent then you can do git commit, this will commit your changes and put your name on the log. After you do a commit normally you push it to the remote repository like github.
git commit -m [name/description of your changes]
Example:
git commit -m "fixing bug on admin controller"
git commit -m "add new migration file"
git commit -m "clean up codes"
8. git log
The git log command is for displaying the list of commit made by all user, it's also display changes made through git merge. This command very useful to see the last merge and commit by all user.
git log
9. git push
Git push is the command that you use to push the changes that you made to remote repository, normally you do git push after you make a commit. If your push get rejected, that means your local branch is not up to date with the latest changes on the remote repository, you need to do git fetch and git merge to solve the issue.
git push [remote-name] [branch-name]
Example:
git push origin master
git push repo1 development
git push github feature
10. git fetch
Git fetch is the command that you run before you do git merge, this command will shows if there are any new changes on a branch on the remote repository.
git fetch
11. git merge
Git merge is the command for updating your local branch to the latest changes on remote repository, before you can push sometimes you need to merge first to the latest changes.
git merge [remote-name/branch-name]
Example:
git merge origin/development
git merge origin/master
git merge repo1/new-feature
12. git checkout
The git checkout can be use for several things, first you can use it to move from one branch to another, second you can cancel changes that you made that's not in stage yet, third you can use git checkout to create new local branch based on remote branch.
git checkout [branch-name]
Example:
git checkout master
git checkout development
git checkout new-features
Canceling changes/undo changes
git checkout [file-name]
Example:
git checkout config.php
git checkout app.js
Undo all changes:
git checkout .
Creating local branch based on remote branch
git checkout -b [local-branch-name] [remote-name/remote-branch-name]
Example:
git checkout -b master origin/master
git checkout -b mybranch origin/development
git checkout -b something repo1/feature
13. git branch
The git branch command will display your current branch clearly and list of other branches on your local machine.
git branch
14. git stash
The git stash is a bit more advanced command but it could be very useful sometimes, what this command does is temporarily hide any changes that you made that's not yet stage and then later when you want it back you can run git stash apply and your changes will shows up again.Why this is useful? because there are times when you want to do git merge but you are currently working on something, git stash is perfect for that, just remember to run git stash apply to bring back your hidden changes.
git stash
git stash apply
15. git reset
Last but not least, we have git reset which very handy when you want to undo commit or putting files that are staged into unstage.
git reset HEAD~
Undo stage (undo git add):
git reset [file-name]
Example:git reset config.php.sample
git reset server.js
git reset style.css
So that's 15 most important git command that every body should know, specially beginners. Learning all of these 15 command is enough to get you going and understand how git works. I believe the best way to learn is by trying it out and get your hands dirty.
0 comments:
Post a Comment